The Counter-Reformation (Latin: Contrareformatio), also sometimes called the Catholic Revival, was the period of Catholic resurgence that was initiated in response to, and as an alternative to, the Protestant Reformations at the time. It is frequently dated to began with the Council of Trent (1545–1563) and to end with the conclusion of the European wars of religi… See more
'Counter-Reformation’ is a translation of German: Gegenreformation. Protestant historians have tended to speak in … See more
The 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries saw a spiritual revival in Europe, incubated by the rise of preaching friars, the standardization of the Paris Bible, lay spiritual movements (such as the devotio moderna), the examples o… See more
Key events of the period include: the Council of Trent (1545–1563); the excommunication of Elizabeth I (1570), the codification of the uniform Roman Rite Mass (1570), and the Battle of Lepanto (1571), occurring d… See more
The 1530 Confutatio Augustana was the Catholic response to the Lutheran Augsburg Confession. Pope Paul III (1534–1549) is considered the first pope of the Counter-Reformation, and he also initi… See more
When the Calvinists took control of various parts of the Netherlands in the Dutch Revolt, the Catholics led by Philip II of Spain fought back. The king sent in Alexander Farnese as Governor-General of the Spanish Netherlands from … See more
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