Madagascar is the primary entity and a biodiversity hotspot, with over 90% of its wildlife being endemic, including the lemurs, baobabs, chameleons, and fossas.
Mauritius is an island nation in the Indian Ocean, which also has a high level of endemic biodiversity, including the dodo, the pink pigeon, the Mauritius kestrel, and the Rodrigues solitaire.
Sri Lanka is an island country in the Indian Ocean, which also has a high level of biodiversity, including the Sri Lankan elephant, the Sri Lankan leopard, the blue whale, and the Sinharaja Forest Reserve.
Australia is a continent and a country in the Indian Ocean, which also has a unique and diverse wildlife and landscape, including the kangaroo, the koala, the platypus, and the Great Barrier Reef.
Indonesia is a large island country in the Indian Ocean, which also has a high level of biodiversity, including the orangutan, the Komodo dragon, the Sumatran tiger, and the Rafflesia flower.