Addition, multiplication, and exponentiation are three of the most fundamental arithmetic operations. The inverse … 詳細

Given a positive real number b such that b ≠ 1, the logarithm of a positive real number x with respect to base b is the exponent by which b must be raised to yield x. In other words, the logarithm of x to base b is the unique real num… 詳細

Among all choices for the base, three are particularly common. These are b = 10, b = e (the irrational mathematical constant e ≈ 2.71828183 ), and b = 2 (the binary logarithm). In mathematical analysis, the logarithm base … 詳細

The history of logarithms in seventeenth-century Europe saw the discovery of a new function that extended the realm of analysis beyond the scope of algebraic methods. The method of logarithms was publicly propounded by … 詳細

By simplifying difficult calculations before calculators and computers became available, logarithms contributed to the advance of science, especially astronomy. They were critical to advances in surveying, celestial navigation, … 詳細

A deeper study of logarithms requires the concept of a function. A function is a rule that, given one number, produces another number. An example is the function producing the x-th power of b from any real number x, wher… 詳細

Logarithms are easy to compute in some cases, such as log10 (1000) = 3. In general, logarithms can be calculated using power series or the arithmetic–geometric mean, or be retrieved from a precalculated logarithm table that … 詳細