WEBNov 10, 2018 · Dapagliflozin is a selective inhibitor of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) that blocks glucose resorption in the proximal tubule of the kidney and …
WEBOct 5, 2023 · Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS, also known as hyperosmotic hyperglycemic nonketotic state [HHNK]) are two of the …
Saudi J Med Med Sci. 2020 Sep-Dec; 8 (3): 165–173. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most common hyperglycemic emergency and causes the greatest risk for death in patients with diabetes mellitus. DKA more commonly occurs among those with type 1 diabetes, yet almost a third of the cases occur among those with type 2 diabetes.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, fluid management, insulin, ketoacidosis Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute complication of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological studies have found that rates of DKA in new-onset type 1 diabetes vary between countries. [ 1]
A grading system developed by the American Diabetes Association has been proposed to assess the severity of DKA, which classifies DKA into mild, moderate or severe based on the degree of metabolic acidosis (levels of blood pH and bicarbonate) and the presence of altered mental status [ Table 1 ]. [ 13] *Kitabchi et al . [ 13]
Guidelines differ on specific levels of hyperglycemia to be included in the diagnostic criteria for DKA. A blood glucose level > 200 (11.1 mmol/L) or > 250 mg/dL (13.8 mmol/L) is most often specified; however, because DKA can occur in patients with normal or mildly elevated glucose levels, some guidelines do not include a specific level ( 1, 2 ).